REAL OLD MEDIEVAL HOUSE WINDOWS
The hall was usually illuminated with two small windows located on both sides, mostly symmetrically placed entrance portal. Their ground floor was filled with a large, single-space hall in which there was a craft workshop, a warehouse of goods, as well as a housing and commercial space warmed by fire from an open hearth with an eaves. Perhaps some had an additional third floor with a wooden or half-timbered structure. The oldest brick houses in Kraków, initially did not have basements and had a maximum height of two above-ground storeys. On these plots, after their division into slightly smaller half-curias, 68 houses were built in the first phase, wchich length of the façades facing the market was on average around 10 meters. After the location of the city, the Kraków market was divided into 30 large, mostly oblong plots with dimensions of approximately 42×21 meters (called curia), with shorter sides towards the square.
The differences were expressed only by the magnificence (number of storeys), the quality of the building material (including the proportion of stone and wood) and the ornamentation. Their construction, interior layout and the method of shaping the form can be referred to the buildings at other streets.
Market town buildings to a large extent represented all of the medieval Kraków houses. The relative homogeneity of medieval Kraków’s plan did not mean that the quarters were quickly filled with buildings, although it turned out to be stable. As a result, a structure with strongly emphasized regularity was obtained, but not perfectly symmetrical (the area located south of the market square with the road to Wawel Castle was irregular).
REAL OLD MEDIEVAL HOUSE FULL
However, significant obstacles such as the location of churches, the older street network, and future city walls prevented the full implementation of such an ideal project. Each of the squares intended for buildings was to be divided into four building blocks, divided by streets. As part of the reconstruction and foundation of the city, the space was divided into nine squares, the middle of which was the market square, and the others surrounded it on all sides. This area was already developed in the pre-charter phase it had its own churches, residential and craft buildings, but it was destroyed during the Mongol invasion. The development of the urban buildings of medieval Krakow initially took place within the zone located to the north of the old borough of Okół and the functioning there Dominican and Franciscan friarys. Kowalski, Historical Museum of the City of Kraków Reconstruction of the eastern frontage of the market from the 15th century, developed by M. Due to fire regulations gable roofs associated with the Middle Ages have disappeared and so-called butterfly roof began to be used. Then renaissance decorations appeared, the first floor’s halls began to be transformed into living quarters, the warehouses and storehouses in the attics disappeared, and the tenement houses began to be divided into autonomous parts used by various families. Then the codification of the customary building regulations took place (among others in the guild resolution of 1367 the rules for the construction of the border walls were established), which contributed to regulating the process of erecting bourgeois buildings and establishing a standard tenement house, in which the form resulted from its function.Ĭhanges in the medieval layout and appearance of tenement houses began in the third quarter of the 16th century. The economic development of the city in the second half of the 14th century, associated with favorable economic and political conditions in the time of the peaceful rule of king Casimir the Great, caused an even greater revival of the construction movement.
The first changes in the layout of the medieval Kraków houses brought the beginning of the fourteenth century, when due to the inconvenience of moving to the rear of the parcels, began to massively change the layout of the large halls in the ground floors of buildings. The most representative buildings were created by the four frontages of the market, where first settlers and their families lived, where the most influential and richest burghers were located. It did not mark the beginning of Kraków, which from the 9th to the 10th centuries was a tribal center, but it started a regular network of streets with a central market square and a division of buildings into precisely matched building plots. The formation of the medieval town brought the foundation under the Magdeburg Law in 1257. Reconstruction of market development in the 15th century according to P.
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